Problem Solving Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Problem Solving - Assignment Example This can be achieved through the formation of labor organizations, which would look into the grievances and welfare of workers (Hill and Jones 359). It would also be necessary to ensure that Apple and Foxconn’s recruitment and selection practices of their employees are reviewed. They should ensure that they hire people of integrity who must be able to ethically carryout their duties. A clear policy guideline should be formulated with laws being set to safeguard the rights of employees. A question of conjecture If the solution to this situation is to ensure transparency prevails, how can pressure offer this solution? It is apparent that Apple pays extraordinary attention to their publicity and social image. In this regard, if pressure is something to go by, it can be argued that Apple will continue exhibiting these problems as long as there is no pressure. Besides, can pressure be the best solution for long-term solution to these problems? It is like arguing that a government f aced with problems in delivering to its citizens can only be corrected by its citizens pressuring it. Of course, it is one of the solutions, and, which tends to offer short-term ones. What needs to be done is to ensure that accountability is insisted. The most important thing is to ensure that every person is accountable for his or her deeds (Hill and Jones 360). The government should, for example, ensure that all organizations adhere to set laws that safeguard employees. A question of value Can the option of the government of china protecting freedom and rights of workers by establishing a real work union be a solution to these problems? If the government can reform its own auditing practices, there would be an efficient monitoring of human rights and labor violations in factories. It is, therefore, true to argue that reforming auditing practice would allow workers air their grievances and that they would have an effective, collective voice in determining matters related to their w orking conditions. When workers are unable to add their voices in the decision making, most of their problems go unattended. It would, therefore, be necessary if workers are allowed to join labor unions, and above all, be incorporated in the decision making process, especially on matters concerning wages and working conditions (Hill and Jones 359). A question of policy What are current policies regarding workers wages and working conditions? It is apparent that there are no adequate policies in china that look into issues of factory workers. FLA Chief Executive Officer argued that there were no conclusive remarks from the president of FLA on the working conditions of young workers that come from rural areas to work in the industries. This means that the rights of these young workers in china can not be guaranteed. It would be vital that the government come up with statutes that would cater for the rights of workers in industries. Perhaps, the issue of inserting pressure by the publi c on government should be considered ideal in this situation. Industries and other organizations operating in a country that does not have well defined workers rights would tend to take advantage of this fact to exploit their workers. Nevertheless, this goes beyond inserting pressure on the government. It is the responsibility of its citizens to ensure that they vote in leaders of integrity into power. Leaders that would be concerned about workers issues. Conclusion

Immigration from Africa to Europe Research Paper

Immigration from Africa to Europe - Research Paper Example In the recent time, labor migrants and asylum seekers have shaped migration to these countries. For many centuries, Europe was a leading contributor of migration to other places. This was the case from 1500 to 1800. In contrast, migration from other places to Europe was limited. This was the case until the First World War as only few of Amerindians, Africans, and Asians moved to Europe due to lack of money (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Others were restricted by immigration restrictions, especially those restricting migrants from the colonies. In Europe, there were fewer barriers to immigrants. This moved to other areas to check for business and investments opportunities. This gave them opportunity to increase their income and their life expectancy, at least in non-tropical countries (Emmer and Lucassen 1). In some European countries, they developed legal instruments that enabled citizens without savings to migrate to other continents. These forms of assistance were not available to non-Eur opeans. For this reasons, most of the non-Europeans only came to Europe as slaves. In the southern part of Europe, slaves were available due to the Arab congest. On the other hand, slaves in North-Western Europe were the one who accompanied their masters when visiting Europe. This paper seeks to explore on immigration from Africa to Europe. ... In addition, the Italian cities employed slaves from the eastern part of Europe in their countries and colonies (Emmer and Lucassen 1). The demand of slaves continued to increase than before, as more sugarcane was grown. As a result, African salves began to replace slaves from the east due to growth of Turkey blocked the regular slave trade routes. The other factor that contributed their attention to Africa was because the Muslims and Christians prisoners of war were no longer available. This prompted thousands of African slaves brought to Portugal, Spain, and Sicily, where they worked as domestic slaves or artisans and in agriculture (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Hundreds of thousand Africans moved to Europe in the 16th century. Other Africans were forced to grow sugar canes in Southern Spain and Portugal (Emmer and Lucassen 1). Moreover, a few Africans were brought to Europe through the new world; some of them had been born in the America. These immigrants were accompanying their master while they retained their slave place in Europe. In the middle of the 18th century, London had about 15,000 Africans (Emmer and Lucassen 1). However, at this time the numbers of Africans in Europe were small. Some of the abandoned slaves fought successful legal battles not to be taken back to West Indies. These legal cases established that forced migration had no legal basis in British law. On the other hand, Dutch and French laws did not recognize slavery, and this made it difficult for slave masters to move to these countries accompanied by their slaves (Emmer and Lucassen 1). The end of the 18th century saw few non-Europeans relocate to Europe due to the end of slavery. The migration to Europe rose significantly in the 20th century. The

The Olympic Games Employment Opportunities

The Olympic Games Employment Opportunities The primary objective of this dissertation was to find out the socio-economic benefits and impacts of the London 2012 Olympics for London since development and regeneration began in 2007. As such, this dissertation aimed to identify the associated advantages and any negative impact of being the host of an Olympiad, but at this stage of the research made no forecast about the scale of impact. As a result while the dissertation progresses there will be arguments, analysis and evaluations to establish whether there is justifiable cause for the UK government and LOCOG spending billions on a one off event, all in the name of aiding social welfare and economic advancement. This dissertation initially provided an overview of both earlier and continuing research to aid the discussion around aspects of legacy and economic growth since 2005 consistent with the argument of Veal and Frawley (2009). Drawing on the lessons from past Games, this dissertation will also focus on the three phase economic benefits of the London 2012 Olympics. Establishing the impact of the Olympics on residents and countrymen alike was another aim in the dissertation. For this dissertation this inquiry was carried out in form of a survey. The results revealed a great deal, firstly it showed that the younger generation found inspiration from the games with 71% of respondents stating they would take part in some form of sport and exercise. Additionally the results also showed most of the respondents were unsure whether the games were value for money this resonates with the thoughts of Dennis (2012). The most astounding revelation was that 66% of the respondents believed the games wer e inspirational, captivating and moreover worth all the cost. The dissertation brought to light that the London 2012 games are more socially and economically beneficial at the pre-game and games year but these benefits and impacts are not proportionally evident elsewhere in the UK. The post-game phase analysis showed that there was great uncertainty in regard to economic growth and legacy of Olympics, with Greece 2004 an example of when things go wrong. Despite this, there is still room for further research on the social impacts of Olympic Games. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The Olympic Games generates lots of enthusiasm and great expectations. More than simply a sporting event, hosting the greatest show on earth is seen by some as a once in a lifetime opportunity to provide new infrastructure and deliver benefits to local residents and communities. (Vigour et al, 2004) From the time when Pierre de Coubertin, founded the modern Olympics in the late 19th century, cities and countries have sought to redefine themselves by staging the Olympic Games. To the host country, the games offers global exposure and worlds interest in its cultural wealth, creating job opportunities during and after the games, attracting revenues from tourism, and inspiration for the nation. Included in this search for Olympic glory was the Great Britain. After three consecutive failed bids, the Olympics were finally awarded to London on the 5th of July 2005. The optimism and passion towards the London 2012 project from the bid team became infectious spreading across a nation that was very much inspired and expectant. Despite this, once Londons name was pulled out the proverbial hat, critics like Gross (2012) and Dennis (2012) led the great Olympic inquisition in the years after the bid was won. Gross (2012) describing the bidding process of London 2012 as a gruelling and often f arcical campaign, that accompanied itself with a  £11.5bn tab. He said the true extent of funding has been hidden, the process is hardly transparent? However earlier in 2005 it became apparent that the funding would be from both the public and private sectors. According to the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) (2005) a  £2bn fund coming from London Olympic Committee Organising the Games (LOCOG) was accrued from the private sector through a combination of sponsorship, merchandising, ticketing and broadcast rights. The ODA (2005) budget which catered regeneration and infrastructure projects was from the public sector, the funding was the breakdown was as follows; 63.3% from Central Government 23.3% from National Lottery 13.4% from the Mayor of London and the London Development Agency Additional criticism emanated from the France 2012 bidding team, they indicated that Londons bid was based on promises not linked to reality (Moulds, 2009) as they believed the budget was cut too low. Monroe (2007) was in agreement after researching Olympic budgets of the past four Olympics, she too said the budget was ambitious to say the least. An aura of vindication befell the critics as it came to light that the London 2012 Olympics budget was not going to plan. The Olympic budget soared from  £2.4bn to  £9.3bn in 2008, leaving only  £475m in the contingency fund (BBC, 2012). However, LOCOG and ODA stated this was not frivolous spending but rather a means to an end. The Games were targeted as a stimulus for social development and economic growth alongside being a step-change in the transformation of the East End of London. Per se bidding for the Olympics is a calculated risk that can either turn to gold or leave the hosts in the starting blocks. More related to the scope of my study, is the socio-economic contribution of an Olympics and the post games legacy. Ascertaining this will be done by exploring the economical, geographical and social implications for London as the host of the 2012 Olympics. The reason for the focus on London is in line with the Barton (2004) report that highlighted that for large economies such as the United States and United Kingdom, the economic impact of hosting major sporting events appears to be more significant primarily at the local or regional level, fewer impacts seen in cities beyond the Olympic Hubs. What is also noteworthy is that this dissertation not only seeks to establish the socio-economic impacts of hosting the Olympics, but also to determine how sustainable these benefits are in the future through a three phase economic assessment. In other words how the games can maximise the so called legacy. The challenge however lies in how to measure and quantify future rewards of an event tha t has just happened. Magnay (2009) perhaps offers an insightful elucidation of this paradigm. Magnay (2009) states that in their simplest forms, socio-economic impacts are either tangible or intangible. In essence this means that the pre-games and games-year phases show evident tangible benefits such as physical infrastructure, the tourism, employment and consumer spending. On the other side lie the intangible benefits or the legacy, evident in the life after Olympics. In the post games there is greater uncertainty in particular for London 2012 as a consequence of the current economic downturn. One of the challenges encountered in this research is the scarcity of studies that look at a link between socio-economic agendas and the legacy. In principle a theoretical gap with which my dissertation aims to tackle, following the works of Blake (2005), Barton (2004), Gratton and Preuss (2008). This dissertation will also contribute in no small way towards complementing literary and traditional ideology on the legacy, socio-economic impacts of Olympic Games. This is in hope that this dissertation could serve as groundwork for further research in the study of hosting global sporting events. Nonetheless, hosting the Olympics is certainly a pricey business; as a result of this it gives a basis to create an opportunity to conduct such research (Blake, 2005). Additionally away from the academic exposure and learning experiences derived from the research, this dissertation will be providing an informed insight into the chosen area of study. CHAPTER 2: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Magnay (2010) stated the LOCOG chief executive has previously indicated, the games are a principal asset to the country. As a result of this statement there is a need to establish if the games are truly asset or a burden. This can be done by showing whether hosting the Olympics amounts to a greater socio economic benefit in comparison to the incurred cost from inception through to the eventual clear up. Additionally the dissertations will investigate the factors which justify the increase of the Olympic budget during a significant and sustained economic downturn. Since the International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the lead committee for both summer and winter Olympics, to arrive at a suitable conclusion the aim is to use statistics and other information relating to both these variations of Olympiad as relevant sources of adding to the ensuing argument. This is because the bidding, planning, organisation and funding protocols all follow the same procedures, as a result comparisons can be done in regard to procedure and protocol. However what is pertinent to point out is that any comparisons between London and winter Olympics will be limited to social impacts and cost overruns. OBJECTIVES This dissertation is an opportunity to present an unbiased view on the London Olympics and the possible impacts, while making an informed judgement on it according to the evidence presented. This dissertation will raise important economic, political and social issues surrounding the Olympics and possibly give further insight to the following areas. To identify the nature, characteristics and features of sporting mega-events, with specific reference to the London 2012 Olympic Games. To critically review the literature on cost, impacts and benefits of hosting the Olympics, eventually leading to an appropriate conclusion that summarises the extensiveness and complexity of the concepts surrounding socio-economic impact of the London 2012 Olympics. To evaluate the net benefit of the Olympic Spectacle to London from the perspective of tourism, employment and redevelopment view point. To identify the risk alongside the challenges and implications of hosting the Olympics by looking at previous host cities such as Greece 2004, Sydney 2000 to name a few. To ascertain the thoughts of Londoners and the wider UK population on issues regarding the economic, social, health and environmental benefits of the Games particularly through regeneration and sustainable development in London. CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW Expenditure on facility and infrastructure preparation, as well as revenues from visitor spending, event receipts and media exposure, forms the baseline of much mega event analysis. (Hiller, H 2000). Thà Ã‚ µ socio-economic evaluation of the à Ã… ¾lympicц¢ is of importance to the hà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢t city, itц¢ rà Ã‚ µgià Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ °nd to a lesser extent cà Ã‚ ¾untry. This by is far is the primary driver for assertiing thà Ã‚ µ và Ã‚ °luà Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ ¾r wà Ã‚ ¾rth à Ã‚ ¾f hà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ting thà Ã‚ µ à Ã… ¾lympic Gà Ã‚ °mà Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ (Carlin, 2007). The depth of the possible factors affecting London as a result of the Olympics are well beyond the scope of this dissertation, and therefore briefly looking at these vast factors will not evoke the thoughts and arguments desired to deliver a good literal critique. As a result my dissertation will be looking to expand on the academic and research issues in relation to the benefits of hosting the Olympics. It is fair to say that there are complexities surrounding this subject matter, nonetheless the investigations and research conducted during the dissertation aided by pub lished material and resources will help to develop the argument about socio-economic benefits of Olympics. Over the years there has been a flurry of academic literature including the likes of Bellamy (1995) and Collins (1997), their research assessed the economic impact of global sporting events to the host city and in some instances the wider economic impact on the nation. However much of the literature on major events is concerned with the economic impacts, McLeod (1999) also explored broader issues including sports participation, social impact, and urban regeneration. On the face of it these studies championed the hosting games as a very strong catalyst of economic growth and society improvement. In other words this research was very pro Olympics. Other proponents further augmented the short-term and long-term benefits by stating the Olympics will birth benefits such as construction of venues, facilities and improvement of infrastructure the trickledown effect of these is increased tourism, as well as improved public welfare and job creation (French and Disher, 1997; Rose and Spiegel 2 009). Moreover Spiegel (2009) states that the Olympics Economic Effect results in an injection to economic growth thanks to the foreign investment and Olympic tourists. This results in higher tax revenues for the government. In contrast Hiller (1998) argues against this by stating there is a lack of comprehensive analysis; the focus of these previous studies was on positive benefits, while negative impacts are largely hidden. Other scholars (Noll and Zimblist 1997, Rosentraub 1999, Baade 1996), unearthed some disparities with this previous research and they found that the tangible economic impacts of Olympics were being overstated and often the measurable economic impact of Olympics is very small in relation to the wider economy but was however more evident in the host city or region (Barton, 2004). As stated before the vast majority of publications that focused on the merits of mega events were derived from a variety of empirically and statistical models that looked at both pre-event and post-event benefits. This dissertation does not intend to employ such techniques regarding the subject of Olympics; rather, focusing on a qualitative approach to these stated benefits. More often than not the Olympic Authorities make their bid consideration based on the economic and social advantages of these said events. However before delving into the depth of the research, it is important to establish what is meant by socio-economic impact. Cullum (2007) described socio-economic impact as a way to determine how development projects, i.e. Olympics, might affect the social and economic conditions of people and communities. In essence the trajectory of such impacts will be inclined towards regional economic boost, social regeneration, and lastly bringing communities together. Even so, Carlin (2007) reiterates that taking on events such as Olympics and World Cups is a predetermined hazard. In a way it is possible to argue that the British Olympic Association (BOA) was caught up in the promise of bountiful riches, global exposure and getting one over the French when they pursued this venture. This over exuberant was reflected in the continued revision of the Olympic budget. London expected its 2012 Games to cost under  £2bn at the bid stage but the budget rose to  £9.4bn in 2007 and in 2012 it was expected to exceed  £11bn (Carlin, 2007; Simon, 2006; Dennis, 2012). So is London 2012 likely to suffer as a consequence of underestimated costs and overestimated benefits? In order to tell whether the London 2012 Olympic budget and investment are justifiable, it is necessary to examine some key benefits. These key issues will encompass areas including economic, social and health benefits that the Olympics bring to a host city and country. 3.1. SCOPE OF STUDY Before 1976, there were not many studies of the economic benefits of hosting the Olympic Games (Field, 2007). Since then, PriceWaterhouse Coopers (PWC) alongside other researchers offered a glimpse into these Olympic economics. In the summer Olympic Games held from 1984 to 2008, the findings showed varying degrees of measurable economic success. Some of this was as a result of estimates regarding the economic and demographic impacts of hosting the Olympics (Malfas et al, 2004). The challenge however was the difficulty in quantifying any economic benefits; even so studies (Blake, 2005; Malfas et al 2004; Szymanski, 2010) show that in terms of the economic impact of hosting an Olympics, the definition of Olympic Economy has been flippantly used as a result distorted its true meaning. Through using a three-dimensional and three phase impact study, Matos (2006) alongside Wei (2006), found that these purported benefits were combination of the pre-game phase, the games-year and subsequentl y the post-games phase. There are short-term benefits occurring at the pre-games and games year phases. The post-game phase is characterised by the anticipation of long-term benefits that are less tangible, those come about owing to the promotion of the London as a tourist destination and a potential location for investment. Gornostaeva (2011) added to this by stating Olympics are not merely a glorified sports day; a means of image building or competition between cities but a very useful instrument to aid socio-economic advancement. Nevertheless, Dennis (2012) once again argued against this by affirming that the research on the economic benefits at times focuses only on the financial performance of games. As a matter of fact they present narrow focus on the economic performance of the Games (Malfas et al, 2004); it eventually forgoes examination of vital links between Olympics economics and wider factors affecting communities, business and stakeholders within the host cites. Economics of London 2012 by Szymanski (2010) is one study that offers a broader examination of the varying economic impacts. Szymanski (2010) stated employment, tourism, consumer spending and GDP movement are the main barometers of success in regard Olympic Games economics this will be explored in the dissertation accordingly. 3.2. ECONOMICS OF LONDON 2012 OLYMPICS Employment The London 2012 Olympics will be the biggest civil engineering project in Europe, create more than 30,000 new jobs a year, and pump an extra  £20bn in the UK economy, to cement London reputation as one of the worlds main financial centres Ahmar (2008) indicated that employment is probably the best definition of what is considered one of the main centrepieces of economic indicators. He expand further by stating the employment impact depends on the characteristics of the host economy, the size of the labour force, and the state of the labour market which later determines the sourcing of labour. This is because it mirrors trends in both the economic and social dimension. On one hand a higher employment rate implies a higher disposable income rate, optimised utilisation of labour force and boost in consumer spending. On the other hand the social aspects of employment are reflected through health and life expectancy for instance. But Wagner (2007) questioned what this meant for London as a whole. ODA (2009) estimated that it is likely to spend around  £2bn in temporary employment of staff, security, and they also stated that 45% of the labour force will be recruited from the Inner, Outer and Greater parts of London. The economic impact of previous Olympic Games and the employment opportunities on the host cities are shown in table 1.1. Table 1.1: Economic impact of Olympic Games and Employment opportunities on the host cities.  £ (million) Economic Impac Cumulative Jobs Created** Barcelona (1992) 190 196,640 Atlanta (1996) 30 77,026 Sydney (2000) 2,884 90,000 Athens (2004) 3,589 100,400 Beijing (2008) 3,500 180,000 London (2012 2,000 132,000 TABLE 1.1 SOURCE: ODA (2008) *CUMULATIVE JOB FORECAST Barber (2008) and Brunet (2008) observed the employment trend from 2006 till 2012; they found unemployment in East London had dropped by a margin of 41% (Barber, 2008). The ODA had previously forecasted at least 55% of the useable labour resource will be from London by the time the games arrived in 2012. But there were contradictory sentiments emanating from the local councils. According to the Hackney Citizen (2012), ODA promised jobs were to be created for the many local people in London but this would seem not to be the case. It was found there was a disproportionate distribution of opportunities among the unskilled, semi-skilled and specialist jobs. This is because the majority of jobs available suited specialised workers, because building stadia and arenas requires workmen who specialise in building and engineering services as opposed to the local carpenters and builders. Gornostaeva (2008) also shed light on the possibility of the discrepancies of these figure; he stated that ODA employment estimates included volunteers because these opportunities were identified as volunteering work targeted to get the unemployed people to do low skilled jobs at the Olympics. With this sentiment he argued that volunteers should not be included in the employment figures because volunteers were trained for specific low skilled jobs. Moreover, there was little or no evidence showing that these volunteer skills were transferable to the post-Games economy. Despite these reservations, 2012 continues to reflect a significant drop in the rate of unemployment across the capital, with more evident employment rises occurring in the host boroughs (Barber, 2012). Table 1.2 shows a summary of expected impacts on employment. The employment estimates use similar assumptions as those used in the macroeconomic impact assessment by Blake, (2005) and PWC, (2005) Table 1.2: Summary of expected impacts on employment from years 2005 to 2016 Spatial Level *Pre-Event (2005-2011) During Event (2012) Post Events (2013-2016) Overall (2005-2016) UK 2,955 3,261 1,948 8,164 London 25,824 3,724 9,327 38,875 North East London 7,344 311 311 7,966 TABLE 1.2 SOURCES: BLAKE, 2005; PWC, 2005. EMPLOYMENT FIGURES Of course it can be argued the games are achieving one of their primary objectives but research pertaining to Olympic induced employment advises caution (Baade and Matheson, 2002; Ahmar 2008). Baade and Matheson (2002) revealed that prior to the event and leading into the Games year employment also shows a boom. Madelano (2012) expanded on this by stating that there is a disproportionate rise in employment coming from London, leading some to believe that we are floating inside a rose-tinted Olympic bubble. With this in mind, does London have the resources and strategy to sustain post Olympics employment? Beth (2012) paints an ominous picture with the headline Olympic Jobs Legacy Misses Target, the government had two key schemes set up in 2010 intended to get unemployed people into jobs during and after the Games. However these initiatives have been dogged by delays and cuts in funding. This contradicts Boris Johnsons pre-election promise to provide jobs. Irrespective of this, some of the researchers (Gornostaeva, 2008 and Beth 2012) have shown that the benefits employment as a by-product of Olympics are over-estimated but this does not mean that there are none. It would therefore be of interest to gauge whether the locals believe that the post-Olympic job promise has been fulfilled. Tourism The economic benefits of the Olympic Games as direct result tourism are widely researched. They are routinely listed among the principal legacy effects of hosting the games, along with new age sporting facilities, cultural and social investment and improved infrastructure (ETOA, 2008). The burst of tourist interest in relation to the 2012 Games was the USP for the ODA and LOCOG because the London economy and society are said to be the key beneficiaries. Early estimates in 2008 predicted that the visitor economy would be at least  £2bn. PWC (2008) claimed the Olympics would attract induced visitor numbers thanks to enhanced media exposure. They outlined three stages of the tourism effect. Preà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Olympic tourism This is typically described as taster tourism effect. This is because the visitors at this point in time are related directly with the planning and preparation for the games. Eventà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ time tourism Also as the games year tourism. This stage is characterised by two types of tourist. The first are leisure tourist- they travel to see the Olympic villages and park. Whereas the sport tourists travel to actually see the events and make the biggest proportion of foreign ticket purchasers. Postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Olympic tourism PWC (2008) state this type of tourism is characterised by two important sources: Gamesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ prompted private leisure tourism and soà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ called MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions, events) tourism. Even if we did assume that tourism could be enhanced by the Olympics, what sort of evaluation timescale is appropriate and what sort of empirical information is meaningful? (Dimeo, 2009) The London 2012 Olympics will no doubt attract foreign visitors in their thousands; the longstanding argument is that their increased spending brings a boost to the local economy. Shaun Woodward, the then tourism minister, in 2006 said the tourism potential is enormous. Grohmann (2010) of Oxford Economics forecasted the arrival of 379,156 foreigners in the period pertaining to the Olympic Games. Others have felt that up to 800,000 extra visitors (Visit London and Visit Britain 2010) would be drawn to the capital because of the Games. It is important to note that visitors create the single most important economic benefit to Olympic host cities. The only issue surrounding tourism data is that unlike investments for infrastructure, tourism expenditure is not recorded or controlled centrally. Nonetheless Wallace (2010) produced the table 1.3 that showed the three phase impacts of Olympic tourism. Table 1.3: Impact of London 2012 Olympic Games on Tourism Pre-Games Games Year Post Games Year Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 *2012 **2013 **2014 Visitor Number (million) 14.5 14.9 15.2 15.6 16.2 15.4 15.6 Total Spent ( £ billion) 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.4 Avg Spent 1.5 2.0 1.6 Growth % 2.9 1.8 2.7 3.7 -4.9 1.3 Avg Growth Rate per Annum % 2.5 3.7 2.6 TABLE 1.3 SOURCE: WALLACE (2010) *FORECASTED IN 2010 **FORECASTED 2011 The table 1.3 revealed a trend similar to that of Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Olympics. The trend was characterised by an increase in visitor numbers 4 years prior to the Olympics because of the pre-games events held most notable in 2010 and 2011 with an eventual decline after 2012. Wallace (2010) suggested that because London is a central tourist hub, it would generate just over  £10bn in tourism revenue in those three aforementioned games phases. Steward (2008) adds to this by saying that Olympic tourism is a cash cow because not only does tourism bring in revenue but it puts great emphasis on the social and cultural benefits that arise from hosting games. Steward (2008) also adds London is unlikely to cause tourist displacement, because without the Olympics, it is still an attraction in its own merit. ETOA (2008) bring another viewpoint in regard to argument on the benefits of Olympic tourism. ETOA (2008) found that hosting the Games might actually have a negative impact on tourism to the host city. They state that there has been difficulty predicting the number of foreign visitors in some earlier studies such as Papanikos, 1999 and Dwyer et al 2003. The scarcity of empirical research limited the extent to which Olympic tourism impacts were examined, as a result most of the analysis was conducted through case study discussions. Weed (2007) found it difficult to provide information even on the basic question of whether the host city experienced a longer term boost to its tourist economy. The trickledown effect of this gap in literature is that the more challenging issues, like the negative impact on other tourist destination in the same country, are not addressed (Dimeo , 2009). In spite of these concerns, supporters for sport-related tourism uphold the conviction that holding the Olympics can bring widespread tourism associated upshots. However, this debate is not just about the host city, it is about the Olympics as the linchpin in a global tourism marketplace (Dimeo, 2009). ETOA (2008) supports this by adding Olympic tourists are unlike regular tourists, they are not interested in tourism, and they are interested in sport. These said tourists spend less on non-Olympic recreation activities; the trickledown impact of this will significantly affect government revenues as these negated activities include specific taxes on alcohol and gambling (Blake, 2005). So their spending habits are very unpredictable and difficult to forecast. As such this unpredictability has been quite evident with London 2012 tourism market. As recently as July 2012, the government revealed that visitor numbers were not meeting the expected targets. This therefore means the likes of Wallace (2010) and Steward (2008) were off the mark. In comparison to the last two Olympics, the London Olympics brought less tourist revenue to recession-hit Britain which was a sharp contrast to the expectation set out by ODA. The reason behind Londons apparent tourist short fall is a result of London effectively closing for normal business. For that reason both tourists and the residents are scared off immediately before and during the events because of overcrowding, transport disruption amongst other things. This absence in the market then creates its own negative effect across the region. In line with sentiments Dimeo (2009) and Wnorowski (2011) , although Olympic tourism has it benefits, post 2003 studies found that growth in Olympic tourism dropped in games year and most significant drop was immediately after hosting the Olympics. The disparity between government expectation and reality leaves a quandary for future Olympic tourism studies. Conceivably a benchmarking criterion is needed to ascertain how to weigh up tourism input benefits. These benchmarks could be offset against the cost of construction facilities, how these facilities can be transformed for community use after the event and the general disruption to the host city. When it comes down to it many of the claims about Olympic tourism impacts are based primarily on the increased tourism experienced in Sydney 2000. Blowe (2005) adds to this by saying what the proponents of these Olympics fail to consider is that London is among some of the major Central Business District (CBD) in the world, however it also houses a rather inadequate transport system. Therefore rather than spending vast sums on this one event, improving the Tube and rail network would provide a bigger boost for the city and the country directly influencing tourism. Olympics and the host city economy As far as the definition of Olympic Economy is concerned, there have been several opinions by scholars. Most notably Carlsen (2003) explained Olympic Economy is the direct and indirect revenues that come about as a result of hosting the Olympic Games. Alternatively Chalip (2005) said it was a focused Economy, which promptly boosted the economy of host ci

The Physics of Flight Essay -- Airplanes Aerodynamics Science Essays

The Physics of Flight The trials and tribulations of flight have had their ups and downs over the course of history. From the many who failed to the few that conquered; the thought of flight has always astonished us all. The Wright brothers were the first to sustain flight and therefore are credited with the invention of the airplane. John Allen who wrote Aerodynamics: The Science of Air in Motion says, â€Å"The Wright Brothers were the supreme example of their time of men gifted with practical skill, theoretical knowledge and insight† (6). As we all know, the airplane has had thousands of designs since then, but for the most part the physics of flight has remained the same. As you can see, the failures that occurred while trying to fly only prove that flight is truly remarkable. Flight uses four forces: lift, weight, thrust, and drag. In a nutshell; so to speak, an airplane must create enough lift to support its own weight. Secondly, the airplane must produce thrust to propel itself. Finally, the aircraft must overcome the drag or the force of resistance on the airplane that is moving through the air. All four of these forces are vital and necessary for an aircraft to move, takeoff, fly, and land. Wings create lift for the upward force of an airplane. A great example of how this happens is sticking your hand out of a car window driving down the freeway. The force on your flat palm causes a force that can lift your hand up or down by changing the angles of your wrist. Another way to explain this is by the concept of the Bernoulli Effect. According to Kirkpatrick and Wheeler; authors of Physics: A World View, the concept of lift is due to the Bernoulli Effect. They state: â€Å"The upper surfaces of airplane wings are curved ... ...e in any one of these forces leads to a change in the others† (139). A pilot can use many different controls and means of propulsion to change and manipulate the balance of these forces. By doing this the pilot is able to change their speed and change their direction. The Physics of Flight are truly unbelievable occurrences that create amazing effects. Without the concept of flight we would live in a totally different world. Works Cited Allen, John. Aerodynamics: The Science of Air in Motion. London: Granada Publishing Limited, 1982. Kirkpatrick, Larry, and Gerald F. Wheeler. Physics: A World View. 4th ed. Orlando: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. Shevell, Richard. Fundamentals of Flight. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1989. â€Å"How an Airplane Flies,† Microsoft  ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2003 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2003 Microsoft Corporation.

Periodical Test

FIRST PERIODIC TEST IN ENGLISH V (BLOOM'S TAXONOMY) First Periodic Test English V Directions: Listen as the teacher reads the sentences. In your answer sheet, shade the letter of the correct answer. 1. What intonation is used in the statements? a. rising b. falling c. rising – falling 2. In the sentence †¦ Rose won the contest? †¦. What is the proper intonation? a. RISING b. FALLING c. RISING – FALLLING 3. What makes a sentence rising? a. intonation b. punctuation mark c. a and b 4. If you will say â€Å"You are five years old† with a doubt, how are you going to say it? . RISING b. FALLING c. RISING – FALLING LISTEN TO THE TEACHER AS SHE READS A SERIES OF DIRECTIONS. 5. What did the teacher ask you to write at the upper left hand corner? a. left hand corner b. Top c. right hand corner 6. To follow a series of directions, what must be followed? a. ask questions b. follow the directions carefully c. ignore the directions. 7. Write the complete name of your school in big bold letters. a. Julian r. Felipe elementary School b. Julian Felipe c. JULIAN R. FELIPE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 8. What do you call the mark placed on top of words to help you pronounce the ords correctly? a. punctuation mark b. stress mark c. both a and b 9. To pronounce naming words or nouns correctly, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 10. To pronounce verbs, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 11. How would you pronounce OBJECT in the sentence †¦ I object to this proposition! a. O’Bject b. obJE’ct c. OBJECT’ Put the stress mark on the underlined words in the sentences below. 12. Alex is playing his favorite record. a. re’cord b. reco’rd c. record’ 13.Check the content of the box, a. co’ntent b. reco’rd c. content’ 14. Get the test permit from the cashier. a. p’er mit b. permi’t c. permit’ 15. You can open your presents later. a. pr’esents b. prese’nts c. presents’ READ THE PRESCRIPTION BELOW. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE DOCTOR. Rx 10 – 08 – 03 Patient’s Name: Joanne Angela Cruz Amoxicillin 250/5 ml (Moxillin) Give 5 ml every 8 hours for seven days (6am – 2pm – 10pm) Fidelilz P. Macasling, M.D. Pediatrics Lic. #94606 16. What is the prescribed time that the medicine should be taken? a. 6am – 2am – 10pm b. 7am – 7pm c. 9am – 12 midnight 17. What dosage should be given to the patient? a. 5ml b. 6ml c. 7ml 18. To follow the doctor’s prescription, Joanne should drink her medicine first at 6am, then at 2pm and lastly at ________, a. 10pm b. 10am c. 11pm 19. Joanne went to the doctor October 8, 2003. If she is to take the medicine for seven days, when will she stop takinf it? a.On Oct. 14 b. On Oct. 15 c. On Oct. 16 20. You want to have a new project for the school year. Which of the following is the best thing to do? a. make a proposition at the Senate b. make an announcement c. go around the school and shout out WRITE DOWN THE MISSING DETAILS OF A GOOD ANNOUNCEMENT FOR AN AUDITION IN YOUR SCHOOL. WHO: ALL GRADE V PUPILS 21. WHAT: ___________ a. At the Multipurpose Hall b. There will be an audition c. All Grade V Pupils WHEN: OCTOBER 10, 2010 22. WHERE: __________ a. At the Multipurpose Hall b. There will be an audition c.All Grade V Pupils FILL THE BLANK WITH THE CORRECT SPELLING OF THE WORDS TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF THE SENTENCE. 23. The p _ _ n o _ r a p h is not widely used anymore because of thr proliferation of CD’s and cassette players. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 24. A p _ _ t o _ r _ _ h says a thousand words. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 25. Most people have a p _ _ b _ _ of heights. a. proban b. phoban c. hobia 26. The prefix over- means a. lower than usual b. higher than usual c. just enough 27. The word overage mean †¦ a. age is more than the requirement b. age is less than the requirement c. age is just right 28. Undersize mean †¦ a. size is smaller than the requirement b. size is more than the requirement c. size is just right USE THE CORRECT PREFIX WITH THE ROOT WORDS 29. _________ load is too heavy a. over b. under c. above 30. Using the rules you learned in using affixes, which word means child like ways? a. childic b. childward c. childish 1. Where do we affix suffixes? a. before the word b. in the middle of the word c. at the end of the word 32. How would you syllabicate the word miracle? a. mi-rac-le b. mir-a-cle c. mi-ra-cle 33. Syllabicate the word government. a. gover-n-ment b. Go-vern-ment c. gov-ern-ment 34. Syllabicate the word elementary. a. el-emen-tary b. Ele-men-ta-ry c. ele-menta-ry 35. A word is used as a verb in a sentence when the stress mark is found at the _____. a. first syllable b. second syllable c. both a and b CHOOSE THE CORRECT MEANING OF THE UNDERLINED WORDS AS USED IN EACH SENTENCE. 36.I mean to help the young boy. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 37. The boy is mean because he hits his younger sister. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 38. When two words are opposite in meaning, they are said to be †¦ a. antonyms b. synonyms c. homonyms 39. Synonyms are words having ________ a. the same meaning b. opposite meaning c. both a and b 40. The synonym of pretty is _______ a. beautiful b. ugly c. weak 41. The antonym of huge is ______ . tiny b. gigantic c. large Fill up the information sheet below with the needed information. 42. Surname, Given Name, Middle Initial a. Santonil, B. Maria b. B. Maria Santonil c. Santonil, Maria Nympha B. 43. No. of House Street Brgy City a. Cavite City, #60, Sampaguita St. b. #60, Sampaguita St. , San Antonio, Cavite City c. Sampaguita St. , San Antonio #60, Cavite city 44. Give the heading to the following set of related ideas: Airplane CarHelicopter Trai n Ship a. set of flowers b. flock of birds c. means of transportation Read the paragraph Love makes a fool of everyone. Even intelligent people do not act intelligently when they fall in love. People inlove do crazy things – some write mushy poetry, some can’t sleep, they toss and turn in bed, some can’t eat and some keep on daydreaming! 45. Which is the key sentence? a. Love makes a fool of everyone b. People in love do crazy things c. Some can’t eat and some keep on daydreaming! 46. If you’re going to draw a circle inside a square, which will you draw? a. b. c. 47.If you add 4 and 6 divide it by 2, what will you get? a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 48. What is the correct synonym for famous? a. popular b. not known c. unseen 49. My parents have been married for 38 years now. Theirs is what you’d call a permanent union. When I marry I hope it would be a __________ one. a. temporary b. lasting c. fast 50 We got drenched by the rain. All our clothes were ____ Which is the synonym of drenched? a. wet b. dry c. a and b 51. In the sentence He’s so brainy all his grades are high.Which is the correct antonym for the underlined word? a. dull b. intelligent c. bright 52. Read the paragraph below. Snakes have no ears; it â€Å"listens† with its sensitive underside for ground vibrations. It’s eyes can focus in delicate adjustment to near distances like a microscope. In fact, night-foraging snakes have eyes like that of cats – they have vertical pupils. Which is the supporting details in the key sentence †¦ Snakes have no ears. a. It listens with it’s sensitive underside for ground vibrations b. It blooms in summertime c. It pours down hard on the roof. 53. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your attention on it. When you study, you must not indulge in texting, chatting with friends, watching TV or listening to the radio. Your whole being ang attention should be on what you are supposed to do †“ studying. The key sentence is †¦ a. your whole being should be on what you are supposed to do. b. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your attention on it. c. both a and b 54. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all motor vehicles. Another source is the fire we build when we burn garbage.Then there’s the dust from dirty roads. Still another source is smoke emitted by factories. Smoke from tobacco and cigarette of smokers is still another source. Which is the key sentence.. a. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all vehicles b. Mothers love their babies c. Philippines is a polluted country 55. Family life is challenging. Changing values, overcrowded schedules, information overload, cultural and economic pressures all make it hard to be a family today. What is the key sentence? a. Life is a waste b. Family life is challenging c. Life is boring 56.The skin is the largest organ in the body. It provides protection for the in ternal organs and helps our body resist bacteria and infection Which is the key sentence? a. The skin is the largest organ of the body. b. The protective part of the human body. c. Bacteria lives on the skin. 57. Brushing your hair is good for it distributes oil found in the scalp throughout the length of the hair. However, too much brushing is bad. Don’t brush wet hair. (Use comb instead). Don’t brush thin hair too much. Which is the key sentence? a. Flaking or dandruff b. brushing your hair is good c. don’t apply hair color 58. Everyone is busy.Some are shopping for gifts. Some are busy preparing food. This is the time of the year when people really try to get together and celebrate. It’s __________. a. Valentine’s Day b. Christmas Day c. Birthday Party 59. Lito is leaving the house with a basket and five hundred pesos. He is going to _______________. a. the post office b. church c. the market Circle the letter of the correct spelling of the foll owing: 60. a. believe b. beleive c. belive 61. a. recive b. receive c. recieve 62. conceive b. Conciv c. oncev 63. relief b. relif c. rilif Fill-out the deposit slip below. 64. Account Number a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 65. Amount to be deposited a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 66. Account Name a. Jose Rizal b. 001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 67. What is written above the name of the depositor? a. amount to be deposited b. account name c. signature Listen to the teacher as she reads the selection. 68-71. Retell the selection in your own words. ( Four points). 72-75. Look at the picture. Write a paragraph. Underline the beginning sentence. Circle the middle sentence then box the ending sentence. FIRST PERIODIC TEST IN ENGLISH V (BLOOM'S TAXONOMY)First Periodic Test English V Directions: Listen as the teacher reads the sentences. In your answer sheet, shade the letter of the correct answer. 1. What intonation is used in the statements? a. rising b. falling c. rising – falling 2. In the sentence †¦ Rose won the contest? †¦. What is the proper intonation? a. RISING b. FALLING c. RISING – FALLLING 3. What makes a sentence rising? a. intonation b. punctuation mark c. a and b 4. If you will say â€Å"You are five years old† with a doubt, how are you going to say it? a. RISING b.FALLING c. RISING – FALLING LISTEN TO THE TEACHER AS SHE READS A SERIES OF DIRECTIONS. 5. What did the teacher ask you to write at the upper left hand corner? a. left hand corner b. Top c. right hand corner 6. To follow a series of directions, what must be followed? a. ask questions b. follow the directions carefully c. ignore the directions. 7. Write the complete name of your school in big bold letters. a. Julian r. Felipe elementary School b. Julian Felipe c. JULIAN R. FELIPE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 8. What do you call the mark placed on top of words to help you pronounce the words correctly? a. punctuation mark . stress mar k c. both a and b 9. To pronounce naming words or nouns correctly, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 10. To pronounce verbs, where will you put the stress mark? a. first syllable b. second syllable c. at the end of the word 11. How would you pronounce OBJECT in the sentence †¦ I object to this proposition! a. O’Bject b. obJE’ct c. OBJECT’ Put the stress mark on the underlined words in the sentences below. 12. Alex is playing his favorite record. a. re’cord b. reco’rd c. record’ 13. Check the content of the box, . co’ntent b. reco’rd c. content’ 14. Get the test permit from the cashier. a. p’ermit b. permi’t c. permit’ 15. You can open your presents later. a. pr’esents b. prese’nts c. presents’ READ THE PRESCRIPTION BELOW. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS GIVEN BY THE DOCTOR. Rx 10 – 08 – 03 Patient’s Name: Joanne Angela Cruz Amoxicillin 250/5 ml (Moxillin) Give 5 ml every 8 hours for seven days (6am – 2pm – 10pm) Fidelilz P. Macasling, M. D.Pediatrics Lic. #94606 16. What is the prescribed time that the medicine should be taken? a. 6am – 2am – 10pm b. 7am – 7pm c. 9am – 12 midnight 17. What dosage should be given to the patient? a. 5ml b. 6ml c. 7ml 18. To follow the doctor’s prescription, Joanne should drink her medicine first at 6am, then at 2pm and lastly at ________, a. 10pm b. 10am c. 11pm 19. Joanne went to the doctor October 8, 2003. If she is to take the medicine for seven days, when will she stop takinf it? a. On Oct. 4 b. On Oct. 15 c. On Oct. 16 20. You want to have a new project for the school year. Which of the following is the best thing to do? a. make a proposition at the Senate b. make an announcement c. go around the school and shout out WRITE DOWN THE MISSING DETAILS OF A GOOD ANNOUNCEMENT FOR AN AUDITION IN YOU R SCHOOL. WHO: ALL GRADE V PUPILS 21. WHAT: ___________ a. At the Multipurpose Hall b. There will be an audition c. All Grade V Pupils WHEN: OCTOBER 10, 2010 22. WHERE: __________ a. At the Multipurpose Hall b. There will be an audition c.All Grade V Pupils FILL THE BLANK WITH THE CORRECT SPELLING OF THE WORDS TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF THE SENTENCE. 23. The p _ _ n o _ r a p h is not widely used anymore because of thr proliferation of CD’s and cassette players. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 24. A p _ _ t o _ r _ _ h says a thousand words. a. photograph b. phonograph c. pictograph 25. Most people have a p _ _ b _ _ of heights. a. proban b. phoban c. hobia 26. The prefix over- means a. lower than usual b. higher than usual c. just enough 27. The word overage mean †¦ a. age is more than the requirement b. age is less than the requirement c. age is just right 28. Undersize mean †¦ a. size is smaller than the requirement b. size is more than the requirement c. si ze is just right USE THE CORRECT PREFIX WITH THE ROOT WORDS 29. _________ load is too heavy a. over b. under c. above 30. Using the rules you learned in using affixes, which word means child like ways? a. childic b. childward c. hildish 31. Where do we affix suffixes? a. before the word b. in the middle of the word c. at the end of the word 32. How would you syllabicate the word miracle? a. mi-rac-le b. mir-a-cle c. mi-ra-cle 33. Syllabicate the word government. a. gover-n-ment b. Go-vern-ment c. gov-ern-ment 34. Syllabicate the word elementary. a. el-emen-tary b. Ele-men-ta-ry c. ele-menta-ry 35. A word is used as a verb in a sentence when the stress mark is found at the _____. a. first syllable b. second syllable c. both a and b CHOOSE THE CORRECT MEANING OF THE UNDERLINED WORDS AS USED IN EACH SENTENCE. 36.I mean to help the young boy. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 37. The boy is mean because he hits his younger sister. a. cruel b. intend c. definition 38. When two words are o pposite in meaning, they are said to be †¦ a. antonyms b. synonyms c. homonyms 39. Synonyms are words having ________ a. the same meaning b. opposite meaning c. both a and b 40. The synonym of pretty is _______ a. beautiful b. ugly c. weak 41. The antonym of huge is ______ . tiny b. gigantic c. large Fill up the information sheet below with the needed information. 42. Surname, Given Name, Middle Initial a. Santonil, B. Maria b. B. Maria Santonil c. Santonil, Maria Nympha B. 43. No. of House Street Brgy City a. Cavite City, #60, Sampaguita St. b. #60, Sampaguita St. , San Antonio, Cavite City c. Sampaguita St. , San Antonio #60, Cavite city 44. Give the heading to the following set of related ideas: Airplane CarHelicopter Train Ship a. set of flowers b. flock of birds c. means of transportation Read the paragraph Love makes a fool of everyone. Even intelligent people do not act intelligently when they fall in love. People inlove do crazy things – some write mushy poetry, some can’t sleep, they toss and turn in bed, some can’t eat and some keep on daydreaming! 45. Which is the key sentence? a. Love makes a fool of everyone b. People in love do crazy things c. Some can’t eat and some keep on daydreaming! 46. If you’re going to draw a circle inside a square, which will you draw? a. b. c. 7. If you add 4 and 6 divide it by 2, what will you get? a. 5 b. 6 c. 7 48. What is the correct synonym for famous? a. popular b. not known c. unseen 49. My parents have been married for 38 years now. Theirs is what you’d call a permanent union. When I marry I hope it would be a __________ one. a. temporary b. lasting c. fast 50 We got drenched by the rain. All our clothes were ____ Which is the synonym of drenched? a. wet b. dry c. a and b 51. In the sentenceHe’s so brainy all his grades are high. Which is the correct antonym for the underlined word? a. dull b. intelligent c. bright 52. Read the paragraph below. Snakes have no ears; it â€Å"listens† with its sensitive underside for ground vibrations. It’s eyes can focus in delicate adjustment to near distances like a microscope. In fact, night-foraging snakes have eyes like that of cats – they have vertical pupils. Which is the supporting details in the key sentence †¦ Snakes have no ears. a. It listens with it’s sensitive underside for ground vibrations b.It blooms in summertime ‘ c. It pours down hard on the roof. 53. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your attention on it. When you study, you must not indulge in texting, chatting with friends, watching TV or listening to the radio. Your whole being ang attention should be on what you are supposed to do – studying. The key sentence is †¦ a. your whole being should be on what you are supposed to do. b. When you study for a lesson, you must focus your attention on it. c. both a and b 54. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of a ll motor vehicles.Another source is the fire we build when we burn garbage. Then there’s the dust from dirty roads. Still another source is smoke emitted by factories. Smoke from tobacco and cigarette of smokers is still another source. Which is the key sentence.. a. Some air pollutants are gases from the exhaust pipes of all vehicles b. Mothers love their babies c. Philippines is a polluted country 55. Family life is challenging. Changing values, overcrowded schedules, information overload, cultural and economic pressures all make it hard to be a family today. What is the key sentence? a. Life is a waste . Family life is challenging c. Life is boring 56. The skin is the largest organ in the body. It provides protection for the internal organs and helps our body resist bacteria and infection Which is the key sentence? a. The skin is the largest organ of the body. b. The protective part of the human body. c. Bacteria lives on the skin. 57. Brushing your hair is good for it dis tributes oil found in the scalp throughout the length of the hair. However, too much brushing is bad. Don’t brush wet hair. (Use comb instead). Don’t brush thin hair too much. Which is the key sentence? a. Flaking or dandruff b. rushing your hair is good c. don’t apply hair color 58. Everyone is busy. Some are shopping for gifts. Some are busy preparing food. This is the time of the year when people really try to get together and celebrate. It’s __________. a. Valentine’s Day b. Christmas Day c. Birthday Party 59. Lito is leaving the house with a basket and five hundred pesos. He is going to _______________. a. the post office b. church c. the market Circle the letter of the correct spelling of the following: 60. a. believe b. beleive c. belive 61. a. recive b. receive c. ecieve 62. conceive b. Conciv c. concev 63. relief b. relif c. rilif Fill-out the deposit slip below. 64. Account Number a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 65. Amount to be deposited a. Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 66. Account Name a.Jose Rizal b. 1001-2462-379 c. Php 700. 00 67. What is written above the name of the depositor? a. amount to be deposited b. account name c. signature Listen to the teacher as she reads the selection. 68-71. Retell the selection in your own words. ( Four points). 72-75. Look at the picture. Write a paragraph. Underline the beginning sentence. Circle the middle sentence then box the ending sentence.

Equal Employment Opportunity

One of the key responsibilities of a human resource management professional is the management of diversity and equal employment opportunities within the organisation. Equal employment opportunity refers to the situation in which every individual has access to employment and its benefits. Equal employment opportunity (EEO) refers to the outcomes of human resource management policies and practices and employee and management behaviour. EEO is aimed at transforming an organisation; reviewing the processes associated with the creation and use of power by some groups; and implementation of new measures and policies which attempt to remove bias from procedures such as recruitment and promotion. Managing diversity accepts that the workforce consists of a diverse population of people, with visible and non-visible differences including sex, age, background, race, disability, personality, and work style. There has been a lot of debate recently about affirmative action (AA). Affirmative action (also known as positive action) is where organisations take special initiatives to redress perceived gender or ethnic imbalances in the workforce. At first, affirmative action aimed to eliminate racial imbalance in hiring policies; later it was extended to protect people of color, women, older people and people with disabilities. Equal opportunity laws ban discrimination. Affirmative action goes further by requiring employers to take â€Å"affirmative† steps to achieve a balanced representation of workers. Affirmative action may take many forms. One example would be providing special training solely for women. However, some people see affirmative action as an insult. Some people see affirmative action as assuming that they are not capable of success based on their own merits. This paper will examine whether affirmative action is an insult to women and any other member of an AA target group. The argument put forward for affirmative action is that it allows minority groups, who would otherwise be disadvantaged, to get to the starting line and to allow for a level ‘playing field†. Affirmative action is used as a tool to break the perceived injustice and discrimination of the past. In Australia, the Affirmative Action (Equal Employment Opportunity for Women) Act 1986 requires the removal of direct and indirect discrimination through the application of the merit principle in employment policies. Contemporary writing puts forward the theory that managing diversity should be based on ‘no preferential treatment†. Although there is no specific quota system in the above Australian legislation , AA has in the past often been associated with the requirement to maintain certain quotas based on minority group representation. A move to ‘no preferential treatment† means that individuals are not given preference for employment based on specific group membership. Giving preferential treatment to a minority group is sometimes referred to as the ‘remedial action† AA. This means that whereas some people are benefiting by virtue of their group membership, other individuals are excluded, even though their developmental need might be as great. Singling out individuals based on a minority quality (sex, religion etc) can be seen to be an insult to that individual. This is particularly true if the individual has all the attributes and skills that would normally mean success. The impression given is not about fairness or equal opportunity, but rather about achieving numbers or targets. There is also ‘research that suggests that, as currently construed, affirmative action policy can thwart rather than promote workplace equity. The stigma associated with affirmative action can fuel rather than debunk stereotypical thinking and prejudiced attitudes†. Managing diversity should not focus on minority groups. Managing diversity should focus on the problems of the individual. It should focus on identifying what the individual needs in terms of development. Actions ought to be targeted on any individual who has a particular development need and not restricted to those who are members of a particular group. However, all of the above is idealistic. There has often been a realism in the marketplace that contrasts the above. In some respects, affirmative action has been a necessary tool to ensure that minority groups have representation in theorganisation. The goal has been not so much to achieve a quota or a target, but rather to force down the walls of discrimination that many organisations have had in the past. In this respect, affirmative action should not be seen as an insult to minority groups. For as some minorities may have all the skills necessary to gain a certain appointment or job, it is all but useless if the employer (or the person who makes the decision on who gets hired) has a bias against that person based on their minority attribute (whether that be sex, religion or what not). Women, in general, have been the main beneficiaries of affirmative action. The number of women entering the professions, including medicine, law and accounting, has increased substantially in 30 years. Women of all races have increased their share of professional positions in corporations, and it is arguable that there would be no women police officers, fire fighters, bus drivers or construction workers without affirmative action. Affirmative action is not an insult to women (or other minority groups), but rather a method to ensure that the glass ceilings that have implicitly existed in the workforce in the past are destroyed. Affirmative action does not mean that minority groups are employed simply based on minority attributes. Affirmative action means that employers make that extra effort to ensure that their organisation reflects the wider community. However, women have yet to achieve equality in the work place. There is still a large portion of the female workforce working in a narrow range of low-paying, low-status jobs. They are under-represented in many occupations. Up until the 1970s, there were few women in law schools; few opportunities to go outside of jobs traditionally reserved for women. Many women face invisible employment barriers that block access to advancement opportunities into higher-paying jobs with increased responsibilities. Some women are stuck in low-wage jobs with little or no opportunity to advance into supervisory or managerial positions. When women do obtain managerial jobs, they often are confined to specific departments with less authority and outside the track to upper-level, senior management jobs. These ‘glass ceiling† barriers prematurely halt the progress of women in the workplace and prevent them from developing their full potential and talents as workers. Affirmative action programs help to shatter the glass ceiling because they expand opportunities for qualified women and can lead to higher wages, more advancement opportunities, and improved financial security. One of the key responsibilities of a human resource management professional is the management of diversity and equal employment opportunities within the organisation. One method of ensuring equal opportunity within an organisation is by the use of affirmative action. Affirmative action is a policy to encourage equal opportunity and to level the playing field for groups of people who have been and are discriminated against. Affirmative action has been considered essential to assuring that jobs are genuinely and equally accessible to qualified persons, without regard to their sex, racial, or ethnic characteristics. Affirmative action was not established to punish any particular group or place people into positions they are not qualified for. It was established to involve everybody; to have the opportunities for economic, academic and social success accessible to everybody. It should not be regarded as an insult to women or other minority groups. Affirmative action does not mean that minority groups are employed simply based on minority attributes. Affirmative action means that employers make that extra effort to ensure that their organisation reflects the wider community. Affirmative action has been useful to society. Through equal opportunity programs, workplaces are much more diverse than several decades ago, because of the opportunities for seeing work and education have been expanded to include everyone. Affirmative action should not be regarded as an insult. It should be regarded as a tool and medium that ensures that suitably qualified people are provided with jobs, and not discriminated against based on a minority attribute.

The War of Regulation Professor Ramos Blog

The War of Regulation In a world where rules and laws seem to outline a direct image of morality and logic, all while shaping our view of the world and the best ways to regulate it. What if I were to tell you some of these laws where hindering the progress of the problems they were trying to fix, and unnecessarily spending tons of money while doing it. Here I will discuss with you a war that was officially declared by the 37th president of the United States, Richard Nixon. We as a nation have been fighting this â€Å"war† for over four decades and has been a wrongful use of our taxes in many different ways. This state of affairs and our decisions along the way not only affect us, but affect other people and their livelihoods continents over. In June of 1971 this war was officially coined â€Å"The War on Drugs.† This war has been a burden on us and causes major problems for the people involved. These are, but not limited to, racial injustice, causing big problems for Central and Southern American countries, and the fact that it’s not working. The prohibition of drugs has gone back further than the official declaration of the war. It actually has its roots deeply seeded in racial affairs. According to an article called â€Å"A Brief History of the War on Drugs† on drugpolicy.org, (Author and Date unknown) the first anti-opium laws in the 1870s were directed at Chinese immigrants. The first anti-cocaine laws in the early 1900s were directed at black men in the South. The first anti-marijuana laws, in the Midwest and the Southwest in the 1910s and 20s, were directed at Mexican migrants and Mexican Americans. Each of these situations are examples of the use of fear and xenophobic tendencies used to sway a populations view on a political standing, of a few and not the people. As stated by an article found on alternet.com called â€Å"Race and the Drug War,† (Desiree Evans, 2002) in the town of Tulia Texas, 12% of the African American community was arrested and prosecuted in 1999 on drug charges. This was solely based on the word of one undercover cop that was later exposed as corrupt. In accordance with a paper called â€Å"A Brief Review of the System of The New Jim Crow† authored by Laura Branca (Dorothy Cotton Institute 2017) nearly 80% of people in federal prison and almost 60% of people that are in state prison for drug offenses are black or Latino. Central and Southern American countries are among the most directly affected countries in the wake of all this. According to an article on worldpress.com, authored by Joshua Pringle in 2015, Otto Perez Molina, the late president of Guatemala, said that the crusade is costing Central American countries hundreds of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of lives every year. The bulk of these losses come from groups like the drug cartels. On the report of an article on bbc.com called â€Å"Mexicos most wanted: A guide to the drug cartels,† authored by Duncan Tucker in 2018, the government in Mexico succeed in capturing/and or killing some of the biggest names at the time. Things were quiet for a while, up until around 2012 where organized crime related violence started to skyrocket. It was said that the governments’ previous efforts merely broke the cartels up into smaller often more violent gangs. The last problem I will discuss is the wars non effectiveness. As stated by vox.com in a article called â€Å"The War on Drugs Explained† by German Lopez (2016), The US has spent over $1 trillion dollars on this effort alone. All this money, but to no avail. Much of this money spent on law enforcement cracking down on drug prohibition where to this day, 40 years later, drug addiction is still a serious problem. The US also has some of the highest rates of drug related deaths around the world. As stated by a segment titled â€Å"The Highest Overdose and Drug Related Death Rates in the World,† on worldatlas.com written by Jessica Dillinger (2018), the US holds a staggering rate of 245.8 overdoses per million. These numbers lie right above Iceland with 221.2 and El Salvador with 160.1. Its a lot to take in at first glance, but there is a way to help level the situation and address all the issues stated earlier. This solution comes in the form of drug legalization. This means you would be able to acquire and use without criminal prosecution and the government would be able to regulate and tax the commodities. Alcohol or tobacco would be good comparisons. We need something that works, and with legalization it has the chance to significantly reduce the rate of deaths related to drug usage. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, since Portugal decriminalized the use of all drugs they now hold the second lowest rate of drug overdoses in the European Union at 3 overdoes per million. In no way would drug legalization be a fix all remedy, but done correctly and with the right amount of public education, it would be a far better solution for the many currently affected by this mess that it is today. Also, the money that we would save could be better spent on much needed areas of society. Id like to end by paraphrasing Jeffery Miron. (Economist, Harvard) as he states, â€Å"So what are these consequences of attempting to prohibit drugs? To begin with, we don’t eliminate drugs, we drive the market underground. And the underground market for drugs is violent, corrupt, has poor quality control, and in the attempt to enforce it we have to infringe civil liberties by basically shredding the 4th Amendment to the Constitution. We reduce the ability of people to get the medicine they need freely to reduce pain, to relieve nausea from chemotherapy, and among other symptoms. We interfere in other countries like Mexico and Afghanistan. All resulting from the fact that weve driven drug markets underground, and so terrorist groups make a profit by selling their protection services to the drug traffickers, the drug traffickers get the protection and the terrorists get profits.† â€Å"A Brief History of the Drug War.† Drug Policy Alliance, www.drugpolicy.org/issues/brief-history-drug-war. As the title en-tales, its a brief history of the concept of the war on drugs. This includes the facts such as the year it was officially announced, who announced it and where the concepts had stemmed from. I chose this article because it points out that the history of this subject isnt shrouded in just laws and drive, it brushes over the racial ties to the â€Å"war.† â€Å"Criminal Justice Facts.† The Sentencing Project, www.sentencingproject.org/criminal-justice-facts/. This article is on one of the sites main pages that shows general data surrounding the issue of the prison system and wrongful incarceration. The whole site and team is dedicated to achieving data to show the problem with the way we are handling our incarcerations in America. I chose this article because it brings up an interesting statistic on how much incarceration rate have gone up since the declaration of the â€Å"war.† Dillinger, Jessica. â€Å"Highest Overdose Drug Related Death Rates In The World.† WorldAtlas, 2 Nov. 2015, www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-highest-overdose-and-drug-related-death-rates-in-the-world.html. In this article lies a list of the top ten countries in the world with the highest rate of over doses. Since this article does cover world events I would assume there would be less room for bias. I chose this one for the interesting fact the pointed to the US with some of the highest numbers of overdoses. Pringle, Joshua. â€Å"Rethinking the Drug War in the Americas.† WorldPress, www.worldpress.org/americas/3912.cfm. This article reviews the drug war but from the eyes of some of the South American countries like Guatemala and Mexico. It talks about what kind of drugs dealt in the trade and how much money is being spent to fight this effort. I chose this article because it give some insight of a different perspective of the situation. Tucker, Duncan. â€Å"Mexicos Most-Wanted: A Guide to the Drug Cartels.† BBC News, BBC, 27 Mar. 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-40480405. This article breaks down the drug cartels with helpful graphs, arranging the numerous factions by region and size. It goes over how Mexicos been dealing with the problem and the effects of doing so. I chose this article because it shows how that trying to deal with these issues on the surface doesnt work and can make the problem worse.

Essay on Chlorine and Hydrochloric Acid

Essay on Chlorine and Hydrochloric Acid Essay on Chlorine and Hydrochloric Acid Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date Due: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Year 12 80% A 70% B AS Level Chemistry 60% C 2008 - 2009 50% D 40% E Below U 1.2 Assessed Homework % Amount of Substance 59 . 1. (a) Define the term relative atomic mass. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) (b) How would you calculate the mass of one mole of atoms from the mass of a single atom? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (1) (c) Sodium hydride reacts with water according to the following equation. NaH (s) + H2O (l) → NaOH (aq) + H2 (g) A 1.00 g sample of sodium hydride was added to water and the resulting solution was diluted to a volume of exactly 250 cm3 (i) Calculate the concentration in moldm-3, of sodium hydroxide solution formed. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (ii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas evolved, measured at 293 K and 100 kPa. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (iii) Calculate the volume of 0.112 M hydrochloric acid which would react exactly with a 25.0 cm3 sample of sodium hydroxide solution. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (8) [TOTAL 11 marks] 2. (a) Sodium carbonate forms a number of hydrates of general formula Na2CO3.xH2O A 3.01 g sample of one of these hydrates was dissolved in water and the solution made up to 250 cm3. In a titration, a 25.0 cm3 portion of this solution required 24.3 cm3 of 0.200 mol–1 dm–3 hydrochloric acid for complete reaction. The equation for this reaction is shown below. Na2CO3 + 2HCl ïÆ'   2NaCl + H2O + CO2 (i) Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 24.3 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (ii) Deduce the number of moles of Na2CO3 in 25.0 cm3 of the Na2CO3 solution. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (iii) Hence deduce the number of moles of Na2CO3 in the original 250 cm3 of solution. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (iv) Calculate the Mr of the hydrated sodium carbonate. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (5) (b) In an experiment, the Mr of a different hydrated sodium carbonate was found to be 250. Use this value to calculate the number of molecules of water of crystallisation, x, in this hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O .....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. .....................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (3) (c) A gas cylinder, of volume 5.00 Ãâ€" 10–3 m3, contains 325 g of argon gas. (i) Give the ideal gas equation. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (ii) Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the pressure of the argon gas in the cylinder at a temperature of 298 K. (The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1) ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ...........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (4) [Total 12 marks] 3. (a) A sample of ethanol vapour, C2H5OH (Mr = 46.0), was maintained at a pressure of 100 kPa and at a temperature of 366K. (i) State the ideal gas equation. ........................................................................................................................ (ii) Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the volume, in cm3, that 1.36 g of ethanol vapour would occupy under these conditions. (The gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1) ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................

Using Spanish Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns

Using Spanish Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Perhaps the most difficult aspect of grammar for most Spanish students when learning how to use pronouns is learning how to use and distinguish between direct-object and indirect-object pronouns. Direct-object and indirect-object pronouns have similar functions, and the pronouns themselves are the same in the first-person and second-person familiar forms. Direct vs. Indirect Objects First of all, some definition of terms is in order. Direct-object pronouns are those pronouns that represent the nouns directly acted upon by the verb. Indirect-object pronouns stand for the noun that is the recipient of the verbs action. In both English and Spanish, a verb may have no object (e.g., I live, vivo), a direct object only (e.g., I killed the fly, matà © la mosca), or both direct and indirect objects (e.g., I gave her the ring, le di el anillo). The construction of an indirect object without a direct object isnt used in English, but it can be done in Spanish (e.g., le es difà ­cil, it is difficult for him.) In the third example, the direct object of the verb is the ring (el anillo), because it is what was given. The indirect object is her, (or le) because the person is the recipient of the giving. Another way of looking at indirect objects in Spanish is that they could be replaced by a prepositional pronoun or sometimes para prepositional pronoun. In the example sentence, we could say di el anillo a ella and mean the same thing (just as we could say in English, I gave the ring to her). In Spanish, unlike English, a noun cant be an indirect object; it must be used as the object of a preposition. For example, we could say I gave Sally the ring in English, but in Spanish the preposition a is needed, le di el anillo a Sally. As in this example, it is common, although not strictly required, to include both the pronoun le and the named indirect object.) Similarly, note also that in Spanish the indirect object pronoun must refer to a person or animal. In English, we use the same pronouns for both direct and indirect objects. In Spanish, both types of object pronouns are the same except in the third person. The third-person singular direct object pronouns are lo (masculine) and la (feminine), while in the plural, they are los and las. But the indirect object pronouns are le and les in the singular and the plural, respectively. No distinction is made according to gender. The other object pronouns in Spanish are me (first-person singular), te (second-person familiar singular), nos (first-person plural) and os (second-person familiar plural). Following in chart form are the object pronouns in Spanish. The direct objects are shown in the second and third columns, the indirect objects in the fourth and fifth columns. me me Ella me ve (she sees me). me Ella me dio el dinero (she gave me the money). you (familiar) te Ella te ve. te Ella te dio el dinero. him, her, it, you (formal) lo (masculine)la (feminine) Ella lo/la ve. le Ella le dio el dinero. us nos Ella nos ve. nos Ella nos dio el dinero. you (familiar plural) os Ella os ve. os Ella os dio el dinero. them, you (plural formal) los (masculine)las (feminine) Ella los/las ve. les Ella les dio el dinero. More About Using Object Pronouns Here are some other details of using these pronouns you should know: El leà ­smo: In some parts of Spain, le and les are used as direct-object pronouns to refer to masculine human beings instead of lo and los, respectively. Youre not likely to run into this usage, known as el leà ­smo, in Latin America. Se: To avoid alliteration, when le or les as an indirect-object pronoun precedes the direct-object pronoun lo, los, la or las, se is used instead of le or les. Quiero drselo, I want to give it to him (or her or you). Se lo darà ©, I will give it to him (or her or you). Placement of object pronouns after verbs: Object pronouns are placed after infinitives (the unconjugated form of the verb that ends in -ar, -er or -ir), gerunds (the form of the verb that ends in -ando or -endo, generally equivalent to the -ing ending in English), and the affirmative imperative. Quiero abrirla, I want to open it. No estoy abrià ©ndola, I am not opening it. brela, open it. Note that where the pronunciation requires it, a written accent needs to be added to the verb. Placement of object pronouns before verbs: Object pronouns are placed before verb forms except those listed above, in other words, before nearly all the conjugated forms. Quiero que la abras, I want you to open it. No la abro, I am not opening it. No la abras, dont open it. Order of object pronouns: When both direct-object and indirect-object pronouns are objects of the same verb, the indirect object comes before the direct object. Me lo dar, he will give it to me. Quiero drtelo, I want to give it to you. Obviously, there are quite a few rules to learn! But youll find as you read and listen to Spanish that the rules will become a natural part of your understanding of the language.

Using Secondary Sources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Using Secondary Sources - Assignment Example LOCH ET AL: (excited) In addition to that, the public  is well acquainted  with most happening around the world by the  help  of social networks that  are encompassed  within the social media. This  has been achievable  by the use of the internet, television and even the radio (Loch et al, 2003, 26). This is common among the youths and students unlike among the older generation of people. DUBAI SCHOOL: (with authority) I thought that with globalization and the coming up social media the world would be a better place but things have changed.  A part from the  business  industry  that has benefited from social media, the other sectors are on the verge of losing and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. (Dubai school, 2011, 23). ALFAWZAN: (laughing) that is right. An  excellent  example would be the  spread  of social evils that are on the  rise  within communities around the world among the young generation.  Social media and its effects have contributed to the widespread of pornographic materials,  usage  of drugs and  other,  ill  related motives such as cheating. LOCH ET AL: (nodding his head) that may be  right  but, people must also look at benefits of social media. For example, people have gotten to share information on various issues that  touch  their lives. Through this, these people have been able to live  better  lives that those that they were living†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Loch et al, 2003, 29). DUBAI SCHOOL: (interrupting) Social media have touched many lives in communities around the world. Acquisition of mobile phones has also seen the free and  fast  flow of information; a  thing  that has led to the  exposure  of many anomalies within the society (Dubai school, 2011, 15). In regard to the Arab world that has seen mass action recently, it can be concluded that much of the social media was among the factors that led to proliferation of many  demonstration  in such countries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ALFAWZAN  :( interrupting) When it

Developing Leadership Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Developing Leadership Diversity - Research Paper Example According to an issue paper published by the Military Leadership Diversity Commission (MLDC), â€Å"diversity leadership addresses how leaders at all ranks and organizational levels shape the impact of diversity dynamics in the forces under their command† (2010, p. 2). Due to the expansive applicability of developing leadership diversity in current times, the research paper hereby aims to proffer pertinent issues relative to leadership diversity and would hereby identify and describe emerging ideas and examples of innovative organizations that apply the chosen leadership diversity concepts. Definition of Terms A study conducted by Lim, Cho & Curry (2008) have explicitly provided a definition of diversity leadership as dealing â€Å"with ways in which people and groups relate to one another and how management [leadership] decisions are made in the midst of differences similarities and tensions among groups† (cited in Military Leadership Diversity Commision (MLDC), 2010, p. 1). ... Morrison’s (1992) definition of leadership diversity, to wit: â€Å"the acknowledging that diversity is indeed a leadership issue and is â€Å"the integration of diversity within the leadership ranks† (p.4; cited by Alkandry, n.d., p. 8). Emerging Ideas In the research conducted by Alkandry (n.d.), the author acknowledged that â€Å"managing a diverse workforce would need a different type of leader who is capable of exercising cultural relativism. In this situation leadership diversity becomes an issue of inclusiveness and respect for the cultural uniqueness of every member of the organization† (Alkandry, n.d., p. 5). This is consistent with Shen, et.al.’s (2009) study which disclosed that â€Å"diversity management does not only recognize but also values and harnesses workforce differences, such as individual characteristics, backgrounds, orientations and religious beliefs, so that individual talents are being fully utilized and organizational goals are met† (p. 238). Given these theoretical frameworks, the challenge is to develop leaders who recognize distinct values on respective cultural orientations; yet, are able to harness talents, skills and abilities that facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. Morrison (1993) proposed five steps in developing leadership diversity in organizations, as follows: â€Å"The first step is to discover, and then regularly rediscover, the current problems in your own organization. Step two is to strengthen top management commitment. Step three is to choose practices in a strategic way. Then, step four is to demand results from those efforts. Step five is to then build on progress to keep momentum going† (par. 13). Contemporary organizations have been manifested to practice developing leadership diversity, as proposed by

Managment 3000 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managment 3000 - Assignment Example 2. The key stakeholders would obviously be top management and the board of directors. Management would likely be in favor of researching the drug while the directors would be worried more on the financial side of things. As the company does tend to focus on the human need, then it is likely to pursue the drug. 3. If research does go ahead on the drug, then it has the potential to cure millions of people worldwide in some of the poorest areas of the globe. The cost would be that valuable research dollars would be spent on individuals who could not afford to purchase the medicine, and so the company's profits would likely be reduced. Chapter 5 Management Live 5.5 on page 181 This Management Live discusses the importance of picking the right communication channel to convey different information. Importantly, technology is not always the answer to sending messages. As evidenced at Google, where technology dominates, posters taped to doors was an effective way to draw attention. If the au dience is being overloaded in one channel, presenters might want to try to send their message through another channel. Or, presenters can alter the channel in a creative way to attract attention. Read the section in the chapter about communication channels as they relate to information richness and topic complexity. Consider the following messages and discuss which communication channel would be most effective in each scenario and why. 1. Managers at a shipping facility are concerned by the number of back injuries employees are suffering due to improper lifting techniques. Workers have already been trained on proper lifting, so how can management get the message to â€Å"stick†? Management can get the message to stick by placing printed out reminders on boxes and containers so that employees are presented with the correct lifting technique just before they are about to lift something. 2. A college professor wants her students to participate in a research project in the evenin g. How should she send this message so students will notice it and participate? The college professor should set up a Facebook group for the research project so that students can discuss the project while socializing with their friends. The students are far more likely to participate if it is on a user-friendly medium. 3. An employee is frustrated by his job. He feels like his boss doesn’t give him enough direction about the goals and expectations of the job. How can he best communicate this message to his boss? The employee can get the attention of his boss by requesting a face-to-face meeting. Employers are constantly busy, so sending an email or paper note would likely be passed over. Talking to the boss in his or her office allows the employee to get direct to the point and not waste any unnecessary time for the boss. Chapter 6 Gina is a manager at a customer call center for an insurance company. Gina has noticed a lot of areas for improvement in the performance of her cu stomer service agents. The following list describes the behaviors that Gina would like all customer service agents to perform. 1. Keeping customer call times short (company target is for agents to respond to 15 customer calls per hour). 2. Giving correct information about insurance policies to customers. 3. Logging detailed notes about the customer call in the online database. 4. Being a good listener and being polite and professional even when the customer is angry.